'''Water''', notably ''fresh water'', is a natural resource obtained through pumping groundwater tables with a [[Groundwater Pump]]. It is most useful in the early game for making [[Concrete Slab]]s in the [[Concrete Mixer]] and processing [[Impure Copper]] in a [[Copper Electrolysis]]. Mid-game it is widely used for petrochemical chains and in steam power production.
'''Water''', specifically fresh water, is a vital natural resource in the game, extracted by pumping groundwater with a [[Groundwater Pump]] or collecting rainfall via a [[Rainwater Harvester]] in the early game. It’s essential early on for producing {{infoicon|Concrete Slab|plural=s}} in the [[Concrete Mixer]] and refining {{infoicon|Impure Copper}} in a [[Copper Electrolysis]]. From the mid-game onward, water becomes available through [[Groundwater Well]]s on the [[World Map]] and via [[Thermal Desalinator]]s, fueling petrochemical production chains and steam power generation.
Note that groundwater reserves are finite and replenished only by rainfall. It can be [[dump]]ed into the ocean with a [[Liquid Dump]], though given the abundant number of recipes requiring it and the ability of groundwater to run dry, this is not recommended in most cases.
Excess water can be [[dump]]ed into the ocean using a [[Liquid Dump]], but this is rarely advisable due to its widespread use and the finite nature of groundwater reserves, which can deplete without rainfall.
==Production==
== Groundwater and Rainfall ==
{{Recipe
Groundwater reserves are finite but regenerate slowly through rainfall. The replenishment rate depends on the reservoir’s capacity and the intensity of the rain. For example:
| Building = Groundwater Pump
* A 15,000-unit reservoir regenerates '''14 units per day''' during normal rain (50% intensity) and '''28 units per day''' during heavy rain (100% intensity).
| Output1Name = Water
* A 12,000-unit reservoir regenerates '''11 units per day''' in normal rain and '''22 units per day''' in heavy rain.
* 0.00185 is the base replenishment rate (0.185% of capacity per day).
| Input2Name = Filter Media
* Rain Intensity is 0.5 for normal rain and 1.0 for heavy rain (values are rounded to whole units).
| Input2Qty = 3
| Time = 30
For a 15,000-unit reservoir:
| Output1Name = Brine
* Normal rain: <code>15,000 × 0.00185 × 0.5 = 13.875</code> (rounds to 14 units).
| Output1Qty = 6
* Heavy rain: <code>15,000 × 0.00185 × 1.0 = 27.75</code> (rounds to 28 units).
| Output2Name = Water
| Output2Qty = 10
A [[Rainwater Harvester]] collects water directly from rainfall, producing '''0.5 units per day''' during normal rain and '''1.0 unit per day''' during heavy rain.
| Output3Name = Slag
| Output3Qty = 12
A [[Farm]] collects water into its soil buffer, regenerating '''3.0 units per day''' during normal rain and '''6.0 units per day''' during heavy rain.
}}
{{Recipe
The replenishment formula for rainwater harvesters and farms is:
| Building = Cooling Tower (Large)
: '''Daily Regeneration = Base Rate × Rain Intensity'''
| Input1Name = Steam Hi
| Input1Qty = 48
Where:
| Time = 10
* Base Rate is 1.0 for a Rainwater Harvester and 6.0 for a Farm (assuming no yield multipliers).
| Output1Name = Water
* Rain Intensity is 0.5 for normal rain and 1.0 for heavy rain.
| Output1Qty = 40
* Note: These rates assume the global rain yield multiplier is 100%. If modified (e.g., via research), the rates will scale accordingly.
}}
{{Recipe
Over a year, assuming 40 rainy days:
| Building = Cooling Tower (Large)
* A 15,000-unit reservoir regenerates '''560 units''' in normal rain (14 × 40) or '''1,120 units''' in heavy rain (28 × 40).
| Input1Name = Steam Lo
* A Rainwater Harvester yields '''20 units''' in normal rain (0.5 × 40) or '''40 units''' in heavy rain (1.0 × 40).
| Input1Qty = 48
* A Farm collects '''120 units''' in normal rain (3.0 × 40) or '''240 units''' in heavy rain (6.0 × 40).
| Time = 10
| Output1Name = Water
The number of rainy days depends on the weather, which varies by difficulty and year. See the [[Weather]] page for details on weather patterns and their impact on water availability.
| Output1Qty = 40
}}
=== Strategic Notes ===
{{Recipe
Groundwater depletion is a real risk without consistent rainfall. Players should monitor reserves and consider supplementing with [[Thermal Desalinator]]s in dry climates. Rainwater harvesters and farms can help in rainy regions, but their output is limited compared to wells, making them less viable for large-scale water needs in the mid-to-late game.
Excess water can be dumped into the ocean using a Liquid Dump, but this is rarely advisable due to its widespread use and the finite nature of groundwater reserves, which can deplete without rainfall.
Groundwater reserves are finite but regenerate slowly through rainfall. The replenishment rate depends on the reservoir’s capacity and the intensity of the rain. For example:
A 15,000-unit reservoir regenerates 14 units per day during normal rain (50% intensity) and 28 units per day during heavy rain (100% intensity).
A 12,000-unit reservoir regenerates 11 units per day in normal rain and 22 units per day in heavy rain.
0.00185 is the base replenishment rate (0.185% of capacity per day).
Rain Intensity is 0.5 for normal rain and 1.0 for heavy rain (values are rounded to whole units).
For a 15,000-unit reservoir:
Normal rain: 15,000 × 0.00185 × 0.5 = 13.875 (rounds to 14 units).
Heavy rain: 15,000 × 0.00185 × 1.0 = 27.75 (rounds to 28 units).
A Rainwater Harvester collects water directly from rainfall, producing 0.5 units per day during normal rain and 1.0 unit per day during heavy rain.
A Farm collects water into its soil buffer, regenerating 3.0 units per day during normal rain and 6.0 units per day during heavy rain.
The replenishment formula for rainwater harvesters and farms is:
Daily Regeneration = Base Rate × Rain Intensity
Where:
Base Rate is 1.0 for a Rainwater Harvester and 6.0 for a Farm (assuming no yield multipliers).
Rain Intensity is 0.5 for normal rain and 1.0 for heavy rain.
Note: These rates assume the global rain yield multiplier is 100%. If modified (e.g., via research), the rates will scale accordingly.
Over a year, assuming 40 rainy days:
A 15,000-unit reservoir regenerates 560 units in normal rain (14 × 40) or 1,120 units in heavy rain (28 × 40).
A Rainwater Harvester yields 20 units in normal rain (0.5 × 40) or 40 units in heavy rain (1.0 × 40).
A Farm collects 120 units in normal rain (3.0 × 40) or 240 units in heavy rain (6.0 × 40).
The number of rainy days depends on the weather, which varies by difficulty and year. See the Weather page for details on weather patterns and their impact on water availability.
Strategic Notes
Groundwater depletion is a real risk without consistent rainfall. Players should monitor reserves and consider supplementing with Thermal Desalinators in dry climates. Rainwater harvesters and farms can help in rainy regions, but their output is limited compared to wells, making them less viable for large-scale water needs in the mid-to-late game.